Value systems, good and bad, morals. What are these, why?
Let’s consider a task; we are cooking a meal, building a wooden table or maybe embroidering
a cloth for the same table. On these tasks we need to have a plan, recipe or design,
and a set of skills. But let’s consider also a more contemporary example, we
want to play a videogame. On this last task the plan becomes less important but
we still need the skills to work the game console. Some general knowledge of
the steps we must follow and how to use the necessary tools is necessary and
needed. After all we cannot build a wooden table with a needle or cook with a
game console, can we?
Obviously as we progress on our particular undertaking of
the chosen task and advance towards the result we face a final moment, the
completion. Evaluation of this culminating moment is a comparison with our
initial expectation. This will definitely shed some light on our skill level.
Keeping this analogy in mind let’s look at the ultimate project,
life. Your life, my life. I want to look at the role of the value systems, the
good and the bad. Where do morals fit in this project? I will not digress to
other important questions about life, related or not, they belong to my future
posts. For now, what do we know about morals so far and what can they do for
me?
Let’s start with the two main explanations we find today; I
will start with the most widely accepted one.
Morals are a social construct. This understanding
springs from the theory that matter evolved into a human being. Yet again as
discussed before, the same assumption is at the root. I need to insert this
note here. The assumption is
that; it is the matter that evolved not the psyche, so the mention of evolution
on this paragraph refers to the theory of evolution of matter, including the
evolutionary psychology as a derivative. On this basis following the chain of events
evolutionary psychology concludes and tells us about reciprocal altruism at the
root of morals as a social construct. The concept is simple; tit for tat, I
scratch your back you scratch mine.
Expanding the concept of utility beyond the material resources and tools
we find the use for a friend as a benefit. In order to enhance the impact and
highlight the importance of the role in this theory I have to add the actual word
used, survival. The use of this word clears up a lot of misconceptions we might
add. And defines whatever result we get, strictly on personal advantage and
benefit from an external human party. As the concept of trading services or we
could say compromise on personal freedom for personal benefit expands beyond to
family, tribe, group, village, nation the whole world; we can say that the
notion and understanding of any value system, gets confusing. It becomes
impossible to have a defined description that will be universally applicable. We
find ourselves unable to draw a line between the personal and the communal
freedom versus the personal and communal benefit. As the confusion about a
definition of values is not enough, we have to also deal with the consequences.
The actual proof from history and experience. Any attempt to integrate any
defined concept of the above understanding (favoring one or the other, personal
or collective) fails miserably by causing enormous suffering in a large scale
for the collective. And then the massive
suffering will trigger a reset, a violent abandonment of whatever agreement we
have arrived because of a hefty personal loss, and we start all over again. But
if we stay true to our initial agreement on the values then there is no
conflict with the definition, because the self benefit is at the root. How can
that be? Who benefited? Is the tyrant or dictator still considered moral? Let’s
consider as much as we can the tyrant situation as well, is the tyrant happy?
Observing the history, the more power one achieves the more ruthless and
thirstier for power it gets. Up there at the top, what is the dissatisfaction?
If it is not enough then we can safely guess that whatever was the source of
need it was not fulfilled. So, the end result is that no one really advances in
achieving a situation where completion of the needs is satisfied.
Morals are a order from above. This sentence can be
summarized as the second understanding, the religious perspective. Thou shall
not kill; thou shall not lie. Utility is at the root of this explanation as
well. The reward is secured from an external party that is not other people,
the personal advantage will come as luck or fortune. On the other hand, not
obeying in performing morals, as an order, will bring misfortune or punishment.
Also, the perceived moral status can be exhibited to demand status from others.
So, the expectation set is that applying morals will be advantageous. And this
is in line with expecting a favorable treatment from other people, relationships,
health, and the natural environment. Any unfavorable outcome is a serious
question to this understanding and application of morals in life. To make the personal
situation more difficult if something goes wrong the third party is not present
to explain things, no reward and no appeal. Another answer is that the reward
or the punishment will be applied after this life. This becomes even more
difficult to relate to, not only the third party is not available to answer but
the answer might not be available, ever for your awareness or to tell others.
This ends up with guilt and resentment for an unlived life based on fear. Is
this type of understanding collectively beneficial? The problem is uncertainty,
maybe yes maybe no. There are many favorable examples and many unfavorable
ones. The real answer is, this definition does not offer the understanding to match
our expectations of a favorable life with certainty by using morals.
Conducting life based on either of these understandings of
values, we come up short to our expectations. Which brings about doubts,
leaving it up to our discretion to utilize them, when we see it fit (immediate
advantage) or completely discard them. Our inner permanent conviction on (what
I called) the first postulate cannot be changed. Truth happens! Our beliefs are
based on this uncontestable condition of playing the game, and it is this
conflict with reality that leads us to the understanding and knowledge. So,
what are morals then?
The most compelling evidence is the persistence of the
concept through time, the good and the bad has stayed with us, we have the
words and notions, we use them every day. The use is not only found on abstract
concepts and theories but also on real life things and phenomena. Notion of
values, the morals are also packaged in myth which have been transferred
successfully generation after generation. If truth happens then, the existence
of good and bad has happened always and persisted. What is the common element
on myth and the everyday use of the concept? I have written three posts in the
last two years analyzing the words, simple observations of the “good” in use as
noun, adjective, synonym etc. The
meaning that stays through different uses, times, the root can generally be described
to have benefit implications with temporal connotations. In other words what we
call morals is not one thing, is two things. One is the benefit, the destination
the desired end result. The other is the pathway to said result, how fast is
being achieved. We need to split them up in order to understand them, for this
we don’t have the words but we can make a compromise. Good and bad are
destinations and morals are a time coefficient. Morals are the mode of
transportation to that destination. As an illustration truth is a car going to the
destination “good” and lie a car going to the destination “bad”. In this case truth and lies are equally moral
as a transportation mode to their respective destination. Morals are a human
activity that make time to arrive at the chosen destination.
This definition of morals has functionality first the utility is up to you. Have we lost direction going back and forth like the hare, in
the fable of the turtle and the hare? If the one lying is gaining on you, are
you sure that is the direction you want to go? The destination also could be
explained with functionality and the effect it has on us and the surrounding.
That is another post.
The message given to us, thou shall not lie, it is not an
order. It is a hint, a helping hand, a push in the right direction.